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NENNIUSâS  HISTORY  OF  THE  BRITONS

[445] an.
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[453]
an.Easter is changed on the Lordâs Day by Pope Leo, (1) Bishop of Rome.
[454]
an.x. St. Bridget is born.
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an.xx.
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85
[468]an.Death of Benignus, bishop.
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an.xxx.
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an.xl.
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[an.]
an.l.
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[501]an.Bishop Ebur sleeps in Christ in the year 350 of his age.
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an.lx.
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86 an.
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(an.)
an.lxx.
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[516]an.The Battle of Badon, in which Arthur carried (2) the cross of our Lord Jesus Christ for three days and three nights on his shoulders, and the Britons were victorious.
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[521]an.St. Columba is born. Death of St. Bridget.
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an.lxxx.
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[537]an.The Action of Camlann, in which Arthur and Medraut fell. And there was a pestilence in Britain and in Ireland.
87 an.
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[544]an.c. The falling asleep of Ciaran.an.
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[547]an.A great pestilence, in which dies Maelgwn, King of Gwynedd.
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an.cx.
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[558]an.Gabran son of Dungart dies.
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[562]an.Columba went forth to Britain.
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an.cxx.
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[570]an.Gildas dies.
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[573]an.The Battle of Armterid.[ Qu. (3)]
[574]an.cxxx. The falling asleep of Brendan of Birr.
88 an.
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[580]an.Gwrgi and Peredur die.
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[584]an.cxl. The war against the Isle of Man, and the burial (4) of Daniel of the Bangors.
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[589]an.The Conversion of Constantine to the Lord.
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an.cl.
[595]an.Columba dies. King Dunaut dies. Augustine, [also] Mellitus, converts the Angles to Christ.
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[601]an.The Synod of the City of the Legion, Chester. Gregory died in Christ. [Also] David, bishop, moni iudeorum.(5)
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an.clx.
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[606]an.Burial (6) of Cinauc, bishop.
89 [607]an.Aidan map Gabran dies.
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[612]an.Death of Kentigern and of Bishop Dibric, Dyfrig.
[613]an.The Action of Chester, and there fell Selyf son of Cynan. And the falling asleep of Iago son of Beli.
an.clxx.
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[616]an.Ceretic died.
[617]an.Edwin begins to reign.
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[624]an.clxxx. The sun is eclipsed.
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[626]an.Edwin is baptized. And Rhun son of Urien baptized him.
[627]an.Belyn dies.
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[629]an.The besieging of King Cadwallon in the island of Glannog.
[630]an.Guidgar comes and returns not, on the First of January the Action of Meicen, and there was Edwin slain with his two sons. And Cadwallon was victor.
[631]an.The Battle of Cantscaul, (6) in which Cadwallon fell.
[632]an.The slaughter of the Severn and the death (7) of Iudris.
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90 an.cxc.
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[644]an.cc. The Battle of Cocboy, in which Oswald, king of the Nordi, Northerners, and Eoba, king of the Mercians, fell.
[645]an.Invasion of the region of Dyfed, when the monastery of David (8) was burnt.
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an.(9)
[650]an.The rising of the star.
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an.ccx.
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[656]an.The slaughter of Campus Gaii.
[657]an.The slaying of Pantha, Penda.
[658]an.Oswy came and took booty.
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[661]an.Cummine the tall (dies). (10)
[662]an.Brocmail dies.
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an.ccccccc.
91 [665]an.Easter is celebrated for the first time among the Saxons. The Battle of Badon for the second time. (11) Morcant dies.
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[669]an.Oswy, king of the Saxons, dies.
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(an.)
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[676]an.A star of wondrous size was seen shining throughout the whole world.
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[682]an.A great pestilence was in Britain in which Cadwaladr son of Cadwallon died. (12)
[683]an.The pestilence in Ireland. (13)
[684]an.ccxl. A great earthquake occurred in the Isle of Man.
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[689]an.A bloody rain occurred in Britain, and milk and butter were turned into blood. (14)
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92 an.
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(an.)
[704]an.cclx. Alchfrit, king of the Saxons, died. The falling asleep of Adomnan.an.
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[714]an.cclxx. There was a night as clear as day. Pepin the elder, king of the Franks, died in Christ.
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[717]an.Osbrit, king of the Saxons, dies.
[718]an.Consecration of the Church of Michael the Archangel. (15)
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[721]an.A hot summer.
[722]an.Beli, son of Elfin dies. And the Battle of Hehil among the Cornishmen, the Action of Gart Mailauc [and] the Battle of Pencon 93 among the South Britons, and the Britos were victorious in those three battles.
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an.cclxxx.
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[728]an.The Battle of Mount Carno. (16)
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(an.)
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[735]an.Bede, presbyter, sleeps.
[736]an.Owain, king of the Picts, died.
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[750]an.A battle between the Picts and the Britons, that is the Action of Mocetauc. And their king Talargan is slain by the Britons. Teudubr son of Beli dies.
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94 an.
[754]an.cccx. Rhodri, king of the Britons, dies.
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[757]an.Ethelbald, king of the Saxons, dies.
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[760]an.A battle between Britons and Saxons, that is the Action of Hirford, and Dumnagual son of Teudubr dies.
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[768]an.Easter is changed among the Britons, Elbodugus, a man of God, emending it.
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[775]an.Fernmail son of Iudhail dies.
[776]an.Cenioyd, king of the Picts, died.
[777]an.Cudberth, abbot, dies.
[778]an.Devastation of the South Britons by Offa.
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[784]an.cccxl. Devastation of the Britons by Offa in the summer.
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95 an.
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[795]an.(17) The first coming of the gentiles among the South [Britons} to Ireland.
[796]an.Offa, king of the Mercians, and Maredudd, king of the Demetians, die. also the Battle of Rhuddlan.an.
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[798]an.Caradog, King of Gwynedd, is killed by the Saxons.
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[807]an.Arthien, King of Ceredigion, dies.
[808]an.Rhain, king of the Demetians, and Cadell of Powys die.
[809]an.Elfoddw, archbishop in the region of Gwynedd, migrated to the Lord.
[810]an.The burning of Mynyw.
[811]an.Owain son of Maredudd dies.
[812]an.Decantorum [arx], Degannwy, is burnt by lightning.
[813]an.War between Howel [and Cynan. Howel] (18) was victorious.
(an.)
96 [814]an.ccclxx. There was much thunder, and it caused many fires. Tryffun son of Rhain dies. And Griffudd son of Cyngen is killed by treacherous ordering by his brother Elisedd after an interval of two months. Howel triumphed in the island of Anglesey, and he drove Cynan from it with great loss to his own army.
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[816]an.Howel was again driven from Anglesey. Cynan, king, dies. (19)
[817]an.The Action of Lannmaés.
an.(20) 
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[822]an.Degannwy is destroyed by the Saxons, and they took the region of Powys into their own power.
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[825]an.Howel dies.
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[831]an.Llawdden dies, and Sadyrnfyw Hael of Mynyw dies.
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97 an.
[840]an.Nobis, bishop, reigned in Mynyw.
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[842]an.Idwallon dies.
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[844]an.cccc. Merfyn dies. The Action of Cetill.
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[848]an.The Action of Finnant. Ithael, King of Gwent, was slain by the men of Brycheiniog.
[849]an.Meurig was slain by the Saxons.
[850]an.Cinnen is killed by the gentiles.
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[853]an.Anglesey devastated by the black gentiles.
[854]an.cccx. Cyngen, (21) King of Powys, died in Rome.
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[856]an.Cenioyth, king of the Picts, dies. And Jonathan, Abbot (22) of Abergele, dies.
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[862]an.Catgueithen was expelled.
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[864]an.cccxx. Duta devastated Glywysing.
[865]an.Cian of Nant Nyfer (23) died.
[866]an.York City was devastated, that is Cat Dub Gint, the battle with the black gentiles.
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[869]an.Cat Brin Onnen, Battle of Ashdown.
[870]an.Arx Alt clut, Dumbarton, was broken by the gentiles.
98 [871]an.Gwgon, King od Ceredigion, was drowned.
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[873]an.Nobis and Meurig die. the action of Bannguolou.
an.cccxxx
[875]an.Dungarth, King of Cerniu, Cornwall, was drowned.
[876]an.Gueith Diu Sul, Sundayâs Action, in Anglesey.
[877]an.Rhodri, also his son Gwriad, is killed by the Saxons.
[878]an.Aed son of Neill dies.
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[880]an.Catgueithen died.
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[882]an.
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[885]an.ccccxl.
an.Howel died in Rome.
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[887]an.Cerball died.
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[892]an.Hyfaidd dies.
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[894]an.cccl. Anarawd came with the Angles to devastate Ceredigion and Ystrad Tywi.
[895]an.The Northmen came and devastated Loycr, (24) Lloegr, and Brycheiniog and Gwent and Gwynllywiog.
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[900]an.Alfred, king of the Gewissi, (25) dies.
99 an.
[902]an.Igmunt arrived in the island of Anglesey and took Maes Ysfeilion. (26)
[903]an.(27) Llywarch son of Hyfaidd dies.
[904]an.ccclx. Rostri (28) was beheaded in Arwystli.
an.
[906]an.The Action of Dinmeir, and Mynyw was broken.
[907]an.Guorchiguil (29) dies.
[908]an.Asser (29) died.
[909]an.Cadell, (30) king, dies.
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[913]an.Otter came.
an.cccclxx.
[915]an.Anarawd, king, dies.
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[917]an.Aelfled, Aethelflaed, queen, died.
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[919]an.Clydog, (31) king. was slain.
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[921]an.The Action of Dinas Newydd.
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an.cccclxxx.
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[928]an.Hywel, king, proceeded to Rome. (32)
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100 an.
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an.cccxc.
an.(33)
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[938]an.The Battle of Brune, Brunanburh.
[939]an.Hyfaidd, son of Clydog, dies, and Meurig.
[940]an.Aedelstan, Aethelstan, died.
an.
[942]an.Abloyc, king, dies.
[943]an.Cadell son of Arthfael dies by poison, and Idwal (34) and his son Elisedd are slain by the Saxons.
[944]an.d. Lunberth, bishop, died in Mynyw.
an.(35)
[946]an.Cyngen, son of Elisedd perished by poison, and Eneruis, bishop, died in Mynyw. And Strat Clud, Strathclyde, was devastated by the Saxons.
[947]an.Eadmund, king of the Saxons, was killed.
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[950]an.Hywel, king of the Britons, died.
[951]an.And Cadwgan son of Owain is killed by the Saxons. And the Battle of Carno. (36)
an.(37)
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[954]an.dx. Rhodri son of Hywel dies.
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101 an.
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an.dxx.
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an.dxxx.
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[977]an.

FOOTNOTES

1  Super diem dominicum cum. Cf. cum Offa, ãby Offa,ä at [784]; a mistranslation from Old Welsh cant, ãby,ä now written gan.

2  The portage of Christian symbols on Arthurâs shoulders is here transferred to the Battle of Badon from that of Castellum Guinnion (see § 56 above).

3  I.e. Arfderydd, Arthuret, near Carlisle.

4  dispositio for depositio, burial.

5  This may mean ãof the Mynyws,ä i.e. Henfynyw in Ceredigion and Mynyw in Dyfed, cf. Daniel of the Bangors, above, i.e. Bangor on the Dee and Bangor in Arfon.

6  I.e. Hexham (see § 64 above).

7  ingulatio.

8  cenobium dauid, otherwise Miniu in these annals (except, perhaps, at 601).

9  At 649 MS. B. has Guentis strages, ãthe slaughter of Gwent.ä

10  Commene fota.

11  Bellum Badonis secundo, i.e. the obsessio Badonici montis of the Loss (z) with secundo added, due to Bedeâs misunderstanding of the passage.

12  See § 64 above for the true date.

13  Bede (iii, 27).

14  See MS. F. of the Anglo-Saxon Chronicle at 685.

15  The Apparition of St. Michael to St. Aubert of Avranches, bishop (706-723), occurred on October 16, 708, and the dedication of the church on October 16, 709.

16  The place called Monitcarno in the Annals of Ulster in 729 was in Central Scotland, apparently near Loch Tay. The battle was between rival Pictish kings, Nectan, son of Derili, and Angus, son of Fergus.

17  MS. C. begins with Vastatio Rienuch ab Offa, where Rienuch seems to stand for Rhieinwch or Rhieinwg, which was apparently a district other than Rheinwg (i.e. Dyfed).

18  Supplied by MS. B.

19  MS. B. adds ãThe Saxons invaded the mountains of Ereri and the kingdom of Roweynauc,ä i.e. Snowdonia and Rhufoniog.

20  MS. B. at 818 has ãCeniul wasted the regions of the Demetians,ä i.e. Kenwulf, King of Mercia (796 to 819 or 822).

21  Cinnen. MS. B. has Cengen.

22  princeps.

23  I.e. Nevern in North Pembrokeshire.

24  Loycr, England; possibly not so here.

25  giuoys. In Taliesin, 16, 1. 7, iwcys. The Gewissi, amalgamated with the West Saxons, took the name of the latter.

26  maes osmeliaun, about Llanfaes.

27  MS. B. begins, Merwyn filius Rodri obiit et; MS. C., Mervin rex filius Rodri occiditur a gentilibus. Merfyn, king, son of Rhodri, died, slain by the gentiles.

28  MS. B., Rodri filius Heweid, Rhodri fab Hyfaidd.

29  MS. B. adds, episcopus, bishop.

30  B.C. add filius Rodri, son of Rhodri.

31  C. adds filius Cadell, son of Cadell.

32  B. adds Helena obiit, Elen died (wife of Hywel Dda).

33  B., at 935, Grifinus filius Oweyn obiit, Griffudd fab Owain died.

34  C. adds filius Rodri, son of Rhodri.

35  B. at 945, Morleis episcopus obiit, Morlais, bishop, died.

36  B. adds, inter filios Hoeli et filios Idwal, between Hywelâs sons and Idwalâs sons.

37  B., at 952, Iago et Idwal filii Idwal vastaverunt Dewet, Iago and Idwal, sons of Idwal, wasted Dyfed.

[END of Annals]

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