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From The Annals of Roger de Hoveden, Comprising the History of England and of Other Countries of Europe from A.D. 732 to A.D. 1201, Translated from the Latin with Notes and Illustrations by Henry T. Riley, Esq., Volume I, London: H.G. Bohn, 1853; pp. 394-407.

THE  ANNALS  OF
ROGER  DE  HOVEDEN.
Volume I.

[Part 30: 1175-1176 A.D.]

¹ “We do find in the holy list only ten prefaces² that are to be received: the first on the first Sunday after Easter,³ ‘Et te quidem omni tempore.’⁴ The second on Ascension Day,
A. D.
1175.


DECREES
OF
THE
SYNOD
OF
WEST-
MINSTER.395 ‘Qui post resurrectionem.’⁵ The third at Pentecost, ‘Qui ascendens super omnes cœlos.’⁶ The fourth upon the nativity, ‘Quia per incarnati Verbi mysterium.’⁷ The fifth upon the Epiphany of our Lord, ‘Quia cum renigenitus tuus.’⁸ The sixth upon the festivals of the Apostles, ‘Et te Domine supplicitur exorare.’⁹ The seventh on the Holy Trinity, ‘Qui cum renigenito tuo.’¹⁰ The eighth upon the Cross, ‘Qui salutem humani generis.’¹¹ The ninth is only to be repeated during the fast of Lent, ‘Qui corporali jejunio.’¹² The tenth upon the blessed Virgin, ‘Et te in veneratione beatæ Mariæ.’¹³ Upon the authority therefore of this decree, and of our lord, the pope Alexander, we do strictly enjoin, that no person shall under any circumstances whatever, presume to add anything to the prefaces above-mentioned.

¹⁴ “We do forbid any one to give the Eucharist to any person dipped into the chalice as being a requisite part of the communion.
A. D.
1175.396 For we do not read that Christ gave the bread to the others, having first dipped it, but only to that one of the disciples, whom the sop, when dipped, was to show to be his betrayer, and not that it formed any characteristic of the institution of this Sacrament.

¹⁵ “We do command that the Eucharist shall not be consecrated in any other than a chalice of gold or silver, and from henceforth we do forbid any bishop to bless a chalice of pewter.

¹⁶ “Let no one of the faithful, of what rank soever, be married in secret, but, receiving the benediction from the priest, let him be publicly married in the Lord. Therefore, if any priest shall be found to have united any persons in secret, let him be suspended from the duties of his office for the space of three years.

¹⁷ “Where there is not the consent of both parties, it is not a marriage; therefore, those who give female children in the cradle to male infants effect nothing thereby, unless both of the children shall agree thereto after they have arrived at the years of discretion. On the authority therefore of this decree, we do forbid that in future any persons shall be united in marriage, of whom either the one or the other shall not have arrived at the age appointed by the laws, and set forth by the canons, unless it shall at any time chance to happen that by reason of some urgent necessity, a union of such a nature ought to be tolerated for the sake of peace.”

In this synod, also the clerks of Roger, archbishop of York, asserted the right of the church of York to carry the cross in the province of Canterbury. They also asserted, on the same occasion, on behalf of the archbishop of York, that the bishopric of Lincoln, the bishopric of Chester, the bishopric of Worcester, and the bishopric of Hereford, ought by right to belong to the metropolitan church of York; and they summoned the said archbishop of Canterbury on this question to the presence of the Roman Pontiff. They also summoned the archbishop of Canterbury before the Roman Pontiff, for the alleged injustice of the sentence of excommunication which he had pronounced against the clergy of the archbishop of York, who, with his sanction, officiated in the church of Saint Oswald, at Gloucester, because they had refused to come to him upon his
A. D.
1175.


SUR-
RENDER
OF
THE
CASTLE
OF
BRISTOL.397 summons in the same manner as the clergy of his own province did.

At this synod also, the clergy of the church of Saint Asaph requested the archbishop of Canterbury, that by virtue of the obedience due to him, he would order Godfrey, bishop of the church of Saint Asaph, to return to that see, with the pontifical dignity of which he was invested, or else that the above-named archbishop would appoint another bishop in his place. For this Godfrey had left his bishopric, being compelled so to do by poverty, and the hostile invasions of the Welch; and coming into England, had been kindly and honorably received by the most Christian king Henry; who also gave the vacant abbacy of Abingdon into his charge, until such time as he should be at liberty to return to his own see.

In consequence of this application, the said archbishop of Canterbury, at the instance of the before-named clergy, and by the advice of Alexander, the Supreme Pontiff, as also by the counsel of his venerable brother bishops, at this synod, called upon the said Godfrey, in virtue of his obedience, either to return to his own see, or else freely and absolutely to deliver up the pastoral care which had been placed in his hands.

Upon this, Godfrey, being in hopes that the abbacy of Abingdon, which had been delivered into his charge, would remain in his hands, no one compelling him so to do, resigned his bishopric into the hands of the archbishop of Canterbury, freely and absolutely delivering up to him the ring and pastoral staff. And so, being deceived, he lost them both; for the king gave the bishopric of Saint Asaph to Master Ada, a Welchman, and the abbacy of Abingdon to a certain monk.

Robert, earl of Gloucester, at this period surrendered to the king of England the castle of Bristol, of which the king had never before been able to gain possession. In the same year, on the octave of the Nativity of Saint John the Baptist, both the kings came to Woodstock, and were met there by Richard, archbishop of Canterbury, Richard, bishop of Winchester, Reginald, bishop of Bath, Jocelyn, bishop of Salisbury, Roger, bishop of Worcester, Geoffrey, bishop of Ely, John, bishop of Chichester, Walter, bishop of Rochester, Bartholomew, bishop of Exeter, and Hugh, bishop of Durham, who had come thither on business of their own. There also came thither all
A. D.
1175.398 the abbats of the province of Canterbury; and they held a great synod on the election of a pastor to the pontifical see of the church of Norwich, and on the election of pastors to the abbeys which were then vacant throughout England; namely, the abbey of Grimsby, the abbey of Croyland, the abbey of Thorney, the abbey of Westminster, the abbey of Saint Augustine, at Canterbury, the abbey of Battle, the abbey of Hyde at Winchester, the abbey of Abingdon, the abbey of Abbotsbury, and the abbey of Michelney.¹⁸ John of Oxford, the king’s clerk, was elected to the bishopric of Norwich, and was consecrated by Richard, archbishop of Canterbury. The abbeys before-mentioned were also distributed among religious men, as seemed good to our lord the king and the above-named archbishop.

In the same year, pope Alexander confirmed the election of Geoffrey, bishop elect of Lincoln. In this year also, the king, the father, impleaded all the clergy and laity of his kingdom who, in the time of the wars, had committed offences against him in his forests, and as to the taking of venison, and exacted fines of them all, although Richard de Lucy gave a warranty that all this was done with his sanction, and by command of the king, sent from beyond sea.

After this, the two kings proceeded to York, where they were met by William, king of the Scots, and his brother David, together with nearly the whole of the bishops and abbats, and other principal men of his dominions. And at this place was renewed the treaty and final reconciliation which the said king of Scotland had made with his lord the king of England, the father, at Falaise, while he was his prisoner, in presence of the king, his son, Roger, archbishop of York, Hugh, bishop of Durham, and the earls and barons of England, as also of the bishops and abbats, earls and barons of the kingdom of Scotland. This charter of confirmation thereof was read to the following effect in the church of Saint Peter, at York: —

“William, king of Scotland, becomes the liegeman of our lord the king, against all the men of Scotland and for all the rest of his dominions; and has done fealty to him as his liege lord, in the same manner in which other men, his own liegemen, are wont to do unto himself. In like manner he has done homage
A. D.
1175.


SUB-
MISSION
OF
THE
KING
OF
SCOTLAND.399 to king Henry, his son, saving always his fealty to our lord the king, his father.

“All the bishops, abbats, and clergy of the king’s territory of Scotland, as also their successors, shall do fealty to our lord the king as their liege lord, according to his pleasure, and to his son, king Henry, and their heirs, in such manner as his other bishops are wont to do unto him.

“Also, the king of Scotland, and David, his brother, and the barons and the rest of his subjects, have agreed that the Church of Scotland shall from henceforth pay such obedience to the Church of England as it ought in duty to pay, and was wont to pay in the times of the kings of England, his predecessors.

“In like manner Richard, bishop of Saint Andrews, Richard, bishop of Dunkeld, Geoffrey, abbat of Dunfermline, and Herbert, prior of Coldingham, have agreed that the Church of England shall again have that authority over the Church of Scotland which of right it ought to have, and that they will not oppose the rights of the Church of England. And they have given security as to this agreement, in that they have as lieges done fealty to our lord the king and to his son Henry.

The same shall be done by the rest of the bishops and the clergy of Scotland, according to the covenants made between our lord the king and the king of Scotland, and his brother David and his barons. The earls also, and barons and other subjects of the kingdom of the king of Scotland, from whom our lord the king shall wish to receive the same, shall do homage to him against all men and fealty as their liege lord, in such manner as his other subjects are wont to do, as also to his son king Henry and his heirs, saving always their fealty to our lord the king, his father. In like manner the heirs of the king of Scotland and of his barons and of his subjects shall do homage and allegiance to the heirs of our lord the king against all men.

“Further, from henceforth the king of Scotland and his subjects shall harbour no fugitive from the territories of our lord the king by reason of felony, either in Scotland or in any other of his territories, unless he shall be willing forthwith to take his trial in the court of our lord the king and to abide by the judgment of the court. But the king of Scotland and his men shall arrest him with all possible speed, and shall deliver him up to our lord the king, or to his justiciaries or bailiffs in England.

“And if any fugitive from the territories of the king of Scotland, by reason of felony, shall be in England, unless he shall be willing to take his trial in the court of the king of Scotland, and abide by the judgment of the court, he shall not be harboured in the lands of the king, but shall be delivered unto the men of the king of Scotland, when he shall have been found by the bailiffs of our lord the king.

“Further, the men of our lord the king shall hold their lands which they have held and ought to hold, against our lord the king and his men, and against the king of Scotland and his men. And the men of the king of Scotland shall hold their lands which they have held and ought to hold, against our lord the king and his men.

“By way of security for the strict observance of the said covenants and final agreement so made with our lord the king and his son Henry and their heirs, on part of the king of Scotland and his heirs, the king of Scotland has delivered unto our lord the king the castle of Roxburgh, the castle of Berwick, the castle of Geddewerde,¹⁹ the castle of the Maidens,²⁰ and the castle of Striveline,²¹ unto the mercy of our lord the king. In addition to which, for the purpose of ensuring the performance of the said covenants and final agreement, the king of Scotland has delivered unto our lord the king his brother David as a hostage, as also earl Dunecan, earl Waltheof, earl Gilbert, the earl of Angus, Richard de Morville, his constable, Nes Fitzwilliam, Richard Cumin, Walter Corbet, Walter Olifard,²² John de Vals, William de Lindesey, Philip de Colville, Philip de Baluines, Robert Frenbert, Robert de Burneville, Hugh Giffard, Hugh Riddel, Walter de Berkeley, William de la Haie, and William de Mortimer. But when the castles shall have been delivered up, William, king of Scotland, and his brother David shall be set at liberty. The earls and barons above-named shall, after each of them shall have delivered up his hostage, namely, a lawful son, whose who have one, and the rest their nephews or next heirs, and after the castles, as above-mentioned, shall have been surrendered, be set at liberty.

“Further, the king of Scotland and his before-named barons
A. D.
1175.


THE
SCOTS
SWEAR
FEALTY
TO
HENRY.401 have pledged their word that with good faith and without evil intent, and with no excuse whatever, they will cause the bishops and barons and other men of their land who were not present when the king of Scotland made this treaty with our lord the king, to make the same allegiance and fealty to our lord the king and to his son Henry, which they themselves have made, and, like the barons and men who were here present, to deliver as hostages to our lord the king whomsoever he shall think fit.

“Further, the bishops, earls, and barons have agreed with our lord the king and his son Henry, that if the king of Scotland, by any chance, shall withdraw from his fealty to our lord the king and to his son, and from the aforesaid covenants, in such case they will hold with our lord the king, as with their liege lord, against the king of Scotland, and against all men at enmity with the king; and they will place the dominions of the king of Scotland under interdict, until he shall return to his fealty to our lord the king.

“That the covenants aforesaid shall be strictly observed, and in good faith, and without evil intent, by William, king of Scotland and David his brother, and by his barons above-named, and their heirs, the king of Scotland himself, and David his brother, and all his said barons, have pledged themselves as liegemen of our lord the king against all men, as also of his son Henry, saving their fealty to his father; the following being witnesses hereto: Richard, bishop of Avranches, John, dean of Salisbury, Robert, abbat of Malmesbury, Ralph, abbat of Mundeburg, Herbert, archdeacon of Northampton, Walter de Coutances, Roger, the king’s chaplain, Osbert, clerk of the chamber, Richard, son of our lord the king, earl of Poitou, Geoffrey, son of our lord the king, earl of Brittany, William, earl of Essex, Hugh, earl of Chester, Richard de Humezt, constable and earl of Mellent, Jordan Thessun, Humphrey de Bohun, William de Courcy, seneschal, and Gilbert Malet, seneschal of Falaise.”

The aforesaid having been recited in the church of Saint Peter, at York, in the presence of the before-named kings of England [and Scotland],²³ and of David, brother of the king of Scotland, and of the whole of the people, the bishops, earls, barons, and knights of the territories of the king of Scotland,
A. D.
1175.402 swore fealty to our lord, the king of England, and to his son Henry and his heirs, as their liege lords against all men.

In the meantime, Philip, earl of Flanders, took prisoner a knight named Walter de Fontaines, one sprung of a noble family, and conspicuous before all his compeers in feats of arms; making a charge against him that he had unlawfully known the countess of Flanders. On this, the said Walter, intending to make denial thereof, offered to prove his innocence in any way whatever, affirming that he had never known the countess, nor had ever had it in his thoughts to know her. The earl, however, would not allow him so to clear himself; but in the fury of his wrath gave orders that he should be put to death by being beaten with clubs. Accordingly, the executioners seized him, and, binding him hand and foot, beat him with clubs, and hung him up half dead by the feet, with his head hanging downwards in a filthy sewer, and thus, being suffocated by the stench from the sewer, he ended his life most shockingly.

Upon this, Ælismus and the other sons of the above-named Walter de Fontaines, and Jacques de Avennes, and the rest of their relations, fortifying their castles, rose in rebellion against the earl, and laid waste his lands with fire and sword; and thus at length compelled him to give them satisfaction for the death of the said Walter de Fontaines.

In the same year, Richard, earl of Poitou, son of Henry, king of England, laid siege to Chatillon, beyond Agens, which Arnold de Boiville had fortified against him, and refused to surrender. Accordingly, having arranged there his engines of war, within two months he took it, together with thirty knights, and retained it in his own hands.

In the same year king Henry, the father, held a great council at Windsor, on the octave of the feast of Saint Michael, the king, his son, Richard, archbishop of Canterbury, and the bishops of England being present, and in presence of Laurence, archbishop of Dublin, and the earls and barons of England. At this council the Catholic archbishop of Tuam, Cantordis, abbat of Saint Brandan, and master Laurence, chancellor of Roderic, king of Connaught, made the underwritten final treaty and agreement with our lord the king, the father, on behalf of Roderic, king of Connaught:

“This is the final treaty and agreement made at Windsor on
A. D.
1175.


TREATY
BETWEEN
KING
RODERIC
AND
KING
HENRY.403 the octave of Saint Michael, in the year of grace one thousand one hundred and seventy-five, between our lord the king of England, Henry, son of the empress Matilda, and Roderic, king of Connaught, by the Catholic archbishop of Tuam, Cantordis, abbat of Saint Brandan, and master Laurence, chancellor of the king of Connaught; that is to say —

“The king of England grants to the above-named Roderic, his liegeman, the kingdom of Connaught, so long as he shall faithfully serve him, so as to be king thereof under him and ready to do him service as his liegeman, that he shall hold his lands as well and as peaceably as he held the same before our lord the king of England entered Ireland, always paying him tribute, and that he shall hold all the rest of that land and the inhabitants of that land in subjection to himself, and shall exercise justice over them in such way that they shall pay full tribute to the king of England, and by his hand preserve their rights. And those who now hold lands, are to hold the same in peace so long as they shall observe their fealty to the king of England, and fully and faithfully render tribute and his other rights which they owe to him by the hand of the king of Connaught, saving in all things the rights and honor of our lord the king of England and of himself.

“And if any of them shall become rebels against the king of England and himself, and shall be unwilling by his hand to render tribute and his other rights unto the king of England, and shall withdraw from their fealty to the king; he shall take judicial cognizance of them, and remove them therefrom. And if of himself he shall not be able to carry out his sentence upon them, the constable of the king of England and his household in that land shall aid him in so doing, when they shall have been called upon by him, and shall themselves see that it is necessary so to do. And by reason of this treaty, the aforesaid king of Connaught shall render tribute each year to our lord the king, that is to say, for every ten animals one skin, such as may be approved by dealers, both from the whole of his own lands, as also from those of others.

“Except that, as to those lands which our lord the king has retained as of his own demesne and as of the demesne of his barons, he shall not make entry thereupon, that is to say, Dublin with its appurtenances, and Meath with all its appurtenances, as wholly and fully as ever the Marchat Vamaileth
A. D.
1175.404 Lachlin, or any who held it of him, held the same. Also, with the further exception of Wexford, with all its appurtenances, that is to say, with the whole of Leighlin: and with the exception of Waterford, with the whole of the land that lies between Waterford and Dungarvan, so that Dungarvan with all its appurtenances be included in the said land.

“And if the Irish who have taken to flight shall wish to return to the lands of the barons of the king of England, they are to return in peace on paying the above-named tribute which others pay, or doing the ancient services which they were in the habit of doing for their lands; this latter to be at the will and option of the lords. And if any of them shall refuse to return to their lord the king of Connaught, he is to compel them to return to their lands, that they may remain there under his protection, and the king of Connaught is to receive hostages from all whom our lord the king of England has entrusted to him, at the will of our lord the king and of himself. He himself also shall give hostages at the will of our lord the king of England, of one sort or another, and they shall do service unto our lord the king each year with their dogs and birds, by way of making payment. And nothing whatever, on any land whatsoever belonging to our lord the king shall they withhold against the will and command of our lord the king. Witnesses hereto: Richard, bishop of Winchester, Geoffrey, bishop of Ely, Laurence, archbishop of Dublin, Geoffrey, Nicholas, and Roger, the king’s chaplains, William, earl of Essex, Richard de Lucy, Geoffrey de Perche, Reginald de Cortinea,” and many others.

At the same council the king of England gave the bishopric of Waterford to Master Augustin, a native of Ireland, that see being then vacant there, and he sent him into Ireland with Laurence, archbishop of Dublin, to be consecrated by Donatus, archbishop of Cashel. In the same year, there was in England, and in the countries adjoining, a deadly mortality among mankind, so much so, that on most days seven or eight bodies of the dead were carried out to burial. And immediately after this deadly mortality, a dreadful famine ensued.

In the same year, a short time before the feast of All Saints, there came to England a cardinal, whose name was Hugezun,²⁴ a legate from the Apostolic See, for whom our lord the
A. D.
1175.


DEPRIV-
ATION
OF
WILLIAM
DE
WATER-
VILLE.405 king had sent to Rome. He found our lord, the king, staying at Winchester, on which, the king went forth to meet him, his son Henry being with him, and they received him with all becoming honor. Our lord, the king, prolonging his stay for some days at Winchester, treated, at very great length, on the restoration of peace between Roger, the archbishop of York, and Richard, the archbishop of Canterbury, the chapel of Saint Oswald at Gloucester, and the carrying of the cross of the archbishop of York.

At length, by the management of the king, an arrangement was made between the above-named archbishops to the following effect. The archbishop of Canterbury released and acquitted to the archbishop of York the chapel of Saint Oswald, at Gloucester, from all jurisdiction on his part, as though it were a private chapel belonging to our lord the king. He also absolved the clerks of the archbishop of York, whom he had excommunicated; and as to the carrying of the cross, and the other disputes which existed between their churches, they agreed to abide by the decision of the archbishop of Rouen and other neighbouring bishops of the kingdom of France. And upon this, they were to keep the peace between them for the space of five years; upon condition that neither of them should seek to do any harm or injury to the other until the said controversy should have been settled, and brought to a due conclusion by the above-named archbishop and the other bishops. Also, the above-named cardinal, Hugezun, gave to our lord, the king, permission to implead the clergy of his kingdom for offences against his forests and taking venison therein.

In the same year, Richard, archbishop of Canterbury, deprived William de Walterville, abbat of Saint Peter de Burgh,²⁵ because he had broken into the cloisters of his abbey, and attempted to carry off with a violent and armed band of men the relics of the Saints, together with an arm of Saint Oswald, the king and Martyr; in the defence of which, some of the monks and servants of the church were wounded, and others slain. However, the chief and especial cause of this deprivation was, that our lord the king hated him on account of his brother Walter de Walterville, whom, together with other enemies of the king, he had harboured during the time of the hostilities. In the same year, died Reginald, earl of
A. D.
1176.406 Cornwall, the king’s uncle, at Certeseie,²⁶ and was buried at Reading.

In the year of grace, 1176, being the twenty-second year of the reign of king Henry, son of the empress Matilda, the said king and king Henry, his son, were at Windsor during the festival of the Nativity of our Lord. On the same day, the before-named cardinal deacon, Hugezun, titular of Saint Michael de Petrâ Leonis, and legate of the Apostolic See, was at York with Roger, archbishop of York. After the Nativity of our Lord, at the feast of the Conversion of Saint Paul, our lord the king, the father, came to Nottingham,²⁷ and, there held a great council,²⁸ on the statutes of his realm, and in the presence of the king, his son, and of the archbishops, bishops, earls, and barons of his realm, by the common consent of all, divided his kingdom into six parts, to each of which he appointed three justices itinerant, whose names are as follows:

After which, the king caused all the above-named justices to swear upon the Holy Evangelists, that they would with good faith, and without evil intent, observe these assizes underwritten, and cause them to be inviolably observed by the people of his realm.

FOOTNOTES

 ¹  From a decree of pope Pelagius.

 ²  The preface or introduction to the canon of the mass.

 ³  In the text “in Albis Paschalibus.” This was the Sunday more generally called “Dominica in Albis,” the word “depositis” being understood: as on that day, according to the Roman ritual, those lately baptized laid aside the white garments which they had assumed on the Sunday before Easter.

 ⁴  This preface, according to the Roman ritual, is read from Holy Saturday until the Ascension; it begins, “It is truly meet and just, right and available to salvation to praise thee, O Lord.”

 ⁵  This preface is read from Ascension Day till Whitsun Eve. It begins: “Who after his resurrection appeared openly to all his disciples, and in their presence ascended into heaven.”

 ⁶  This is read from Whitsun Eve till Trinity Sunday; and in votive masses of the Holy Ghost. It begins, “Who ascending above all the heavens, and sitting at thy right hand, sent down the promised Holy Spirit upon the children of adoption.”

 ⁷  This is read from Christmas day till the Epiphany; on Corpus Christi and during its octave; and on our Lord’s transfiguration. It begins, “Since by the mystery of the word made flesh, a new ray of thy glory has appeared to the eye of our souls.”

 ⁸  This is read on the Epiphany and during its octave. It begins, “Because when thy only begotten son appeared in the substance of our mortal flesh.”

 ⁹  This begins, “It is truly meet and just, right and available to salvation humbly to beseech thee.”

¹⁰  This is read on Trinity Sunday, and every other Sunday in the year that has no proper preface. It begins, “Who together with thy only begotten son and the Holy Ghost art one God and one Lord.”

¹¹  This is read from Passion Sunday till Maunday Thursday, and in masses of the Holy Cross and of the Passion. It begins, “Who hast appointed the salvation of mankind to be wrought on the wood of the cross.”

¹²  This is read in Lent till Passion Sunday. It begins, “Who by this bodily fast extinguishest our vices.”

¹³  This is read on festivals of the Virgin Mary, the purification excepted. It begins, “And that we should praise, bless and glorify thee on the [festival then celebrated] of the blessed Virgin Mary, ever a Virgin.”

¹⁴  From a decree of pope Julius.

¹⁵  From a decree of the council of Rheims.

¹⁶  From a decree of pope Ormisdas.

¹⁷  From a decree of pope Nicholas.

¹⁸  In Somersetshire.

¹⁹  Jedburgh.

²⁰  “Castellum puellarum.” The castle of Edinburgh was so called.

²¹  Stirling.

²²  Probably Oliphant.

²³  This word is not in the text, but it is clearly omitted by mistake.

²⁴  He is more generally called Hugo de Petrâ Leonis. See p. 406.

²⁵  Peterborough.

²⁶  Chertsey, in Surrey.

²⁷  This is a mistake for Northampton.

²⁸  These councils were the origin of our parliaments. Holinshed calls the present one a parliament.

²⁹  Hampshire.

³⁰  Shropshire.

³¹  Yorkshire.

³²  Part of the present county of Northumberland.

³³  The name of this celebrated lawyer was Ranulph, not Radulph or Ralph.

~~~~~~~

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